The Treaty of Versailles (ended WWI)

The treaty of Versailles affected Germany at the end of WWI mostly negatively in many ways. First of all, it limited their military power very aggresively and they were left unable to defend themselves. Also the Treaty practically destroyed their economy because as a result of the Treaty most of their produce and profit had to be sent to the Allied nations as a reparation payment. They also lost a large amount of land because of the treaty and their overseas colonies were also taken away from them so a massive amount of the German population was left living outside the new German borders. So overall Germany was forced to take the blame and all the punishments that were a result of the war and I don't think that was fair because Germany was'nt the only ones to caused damage in the war but they were forced to take the blame regardless and that's what led to the bitterness of the German population to follow. I think historians believe that the treaty led to the rise of Hitler and WWII because the treaty left Germany very vulnerable and they needed something or someone to lead them out of that time of darkness and that's where Hitler stepped in.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the modernization of Turkey

One way that Mustafa modernized Turkey was that he changed the way his people dressed and made it more modern like the Europeans and he eliminated the Fez which was a hat that they considered an object of ridicule. Another way that he modernized Turkey was he changed the way that women were viewed in their society because he stated that women had to wear covers for their faces and had to bow their heads when a man passed by in other societies and he did'nt want that level of difference between men and women in his society. For me secular means to not involve religion or sacredness in something and Mustafa made his country more secular by eliminating their sacred or religious attires and replacing it with a more modern and European-style clothing.

Film Lesson - "Gandhi"

There were many ways that Gandhi helped India gain their independence from the British. Most of them had to do with all the acts of defiance that he led against the British like the salt march or the boycotts against British goods. And the most important part of these acts of defiance was that they did not involve any violence. This ensured that the world saw the British as the bad guys and not the Indians because the only people using violence was them. This method was called civil disobedience and what it did was that it allowed the Indians to disobey the british and not buy their products or follow the laws the British made and they took the punishment because they knew that eventually the british would have to change their laws because if not then the country would fall apart.
Extra Credit: I think India's independence would have come anyways without Gandhi considering that WWII was happening at the time and if the British would not give India their freedom then the U.S. and the rest of the Peace Union that was mas made at the end of the war would demand it.